Regenerative Strategies in Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Different Animal Models

BACKGROUND@#Peripheral nerve damage mainly resulted from traumatic or infectious causes; the main signs of a damaged nerve are the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. The injured nerve has limited regenerative capacity and is recovered by the body itself, the recovery process depends on the severity of damage to the nerve, nowadays the use of stem cells is one of the new and advanced methods for treatment of these problems.METHOD: Following our review, data are collected from different databases ‘‘Google scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, and PubMed’’ using different keywords such as Peripheral nerve damage, Radial Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Animals, Nerve regeneration, and Stem cell to investigate the different methods taken in consideration for regeneration of PNI.RESULT: This review contains tables illustrating all forms and types of regenerative medicine used in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) including different types of stem cells ‘‘ adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, Human umbilical cord stem cells, embryonic stem cells’’ and their effect on re-constitution and functional recovery of the damaged nerve which evaluated by physical, histological, Immuno-histochemical, biochemical evaluation, and the review illuminated the best regenerative strategies help in rapid peripheral nerve regeneration in different animal models included horse, dog, cat, sheep, monkey, pig, mice and rat. @*CONCLUSION@#Old surgical attempts such as neurorrhaphy, autogenic nerve transplantation, and Schwann cell implantation have a limited power of recovery in cases of large nerve defects. Stem cell therapy including mesenchymal stromal cells has a high potential differentiation capacity to renew and form a new nerve and also restore its function.

Anatomical Studies On The Arterial Supply Of The Eye In The One- Humped Camel (camelus Dromedarius)

Aim: This work focused on the arteries supplying the eye of the one-humped camel. The origin; course anddistribution of the arteries were studied, that’s helped in the field of comparative veterinary anatomy andsurgical operations.Materials and Methods: Six heads of camels used in this study, the heads were cannulated through the commoncarotid artery and washing with the normal saline solution. Dissolve a 50gm lead oxide powder in a 150 mlsolution of the red gum milk latex and the common carotid artery was injected. Four heads were undergoing thefine dissection to demonstrate the arterial supply of the eye and other two heads were used for X-rays purposes.The data were photographed using Sony camera 14 Megapixel, 5X.Results: The eye of the camel was supplied through the external ophthalmic artery, external ethmoidal artery, inaddition to the malar artery, the maxillary tubercular artery and angular artery of the infraorbital artery.Conclusion: this study gave off a clear anatomical data about the arteries of the eye of dromedary camel thathelped the surgeon in the surgical interference.